ScienceDaily Technology Headlines -- for Wednesday, May 18, 2011

ScienceDaily Technology Headlines

for Wednesday, May 18, 2011

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Diamond aerogel: New form of diamond is lighter than ever (May 18, 2011) -- By combining high pressure with high temperature, researchers have created a nanocyrstalline diamond aerogel that could improve the optics something as big as a telescope or as small as the lenses in eyeglasses. ... > full story

Autonomous robots made to explore and map buildings (May 17, 2011) -- Researchers are giving autonomous robots the ability to work together to explore and map the interior of buildings. Beyond soldiers, the capability could also help firefighters and other first responders. ... > full story

Physicist accelerates simulations of thin film growth (May 17, 2011) -- A researcher has implemented a new mathematical approach to accelerate complex calculations used to simulate micro-thin material formation. He studies the modeling and growth of materials at the atomic level. He leverages Ohio Supercomputer Center resources and Kinetic Monte Carlo methods to simulate the molecular beam epitaxy process, where metals are heated into a gaseous state and then reform as thin films. ... > full story

Reality of 'supersolid' in helium-4 challenged (May 17, 2011) -- The long-held, but unproven idea that helium-4 enters into an exotic phase of matter dubbed a "supersolid" when cooled to extremely low temperatures has been challenged in a new article. ... > full story

Which technologies get better faster? (May 17, 2011) -- A new analysis helps predict which new systems will be on a fast track to improvements in performance. ... > full story

New imaging technology 'sees' camouflaged marine animals in the eyes of their predators (May 17, 2011) -- Despite being colorblind, the cuttlefish can change its skin color to blend into the background with great skill. In a new study, a team of researchers used hyperspectral imaging tools to model what the cuttlefish predator "sees" before and after cuttlefish camouflage. ... > full story

New solar product captures up to 95 percent of light energy (May 17, 2011) -- A chemical engineering researcher is developing a flexible solar sheet that captures more than 90 percent of available light. Today's solar panels only collect 20 percent of available light. ... > full story

Looking inside nanomaterials in 3-D (May 17, 2011) -- Scientists have developed new method for revealing a 3-D picture of the structure inside a material. Most solid materials are composed of millions of small crystals, packed together to form a fully dense solid. The orientations, shapes, sizes and relative arrangement of these crystals are important in determining many material properties. A new method allows 3-D mapping of the crystal structure inside a material down to nanometer resolution. ... > full story

Digital imaging software to create a 'Google Earth' view of the bladder (May 17, 2011) -- A more automated approach to bladder exams could be cheaper, more comfortable and more convenient. The system would use an ultrathin laser endoscope, which is like a thin piece of cooked spaghetti, in combination with software that automatically creates a 3-D panorama of the bladder interior. ... > full story

Child-size mannequin: Hands-on training spares real patients (May 17, 2011) -- Bioengineering students have modified a child-size training mannequin to give medical students hands-on pediatric experience so that real patients can be spared further stress and pain. ... > full story

Third of tested plastic products found to leach toxic substances in Swedish study (May 17, 2011) -- Many plastic products contain hazardous chemicals that can leach to the surroundings. In studies conducted in Sweden, a third of the tested plastic products released toxic substances, including five out of 13 products intended for children. ... > full story

New semantic model improves mobile telephone user experience (May 17, 2011) -- A new semantic model developed by researchers in Spain promises to improve the mobile telephone user experience. ... > full story

When is it worth remanufacturing? Sometimes it saves energy, sometimes it doesn’t — and sometimes it makes things worse (May 16, 2011) -- It seems like a no-brainer: Remanufacturing products rather than making new ones from scratch -- widely done with everything from retread tires to refilled inkjet cartridges to remanufactured engines -- should save a lot of energy, right? Not so fast, says a new study. ... > full story

New SETI survey focuses on Kepler's top Earth-like planets (May 16, 2011) -- Astronomers are searching for evidence of intelligent life on planets identified by the Kepler space telescope team as having Earth-like environments. This search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) targets 86 stars with possible planetary systems. ... > full story

Using war games to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (May 16, 2011) -- Soldiers may benefit from virtual reality applications for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A new study reviews how virtual reality applications are being designed and implemented across various points in the military deployment cycle, to prevent, identify and treat combat-related PTSD. ... > full story

Energy harvesters transform waste into electricity (May 16, 2011) -- Billions of dollars lost each year as waste heat from industrial processes can be converted into electricity with a new technology under development. ... > full story

First habitable exoplanet? Climate simulation reveals new candidate that could support Earth-like life (May 16, 2011) -- The planetary system around the red dwarf Gliese 581, one of the closest stars to the Sun in the galaxy, has been the subject of several studies aiming to detect the first potentially habitable exoplanet. Two candidates have already been discarded, but a third planet, Gliese 581d, can be considered the first confirmed exoplanet that could support Earth-like life, according to a team of scientists in France. ... > full story

Successful first test drive of 'sighted' wheelchair (May 16, 2011) -- Research on an electric wheelchair that can sense it's environment and transmit information to a person who is visually impaired, has just been tested. One of the researchers, himself visually impaired, made the first public test. ... > full story

Next generation gamers: Computer games aid recovery from stroke (May 16, 2011) -- Computer games are not just for kids. New research shows that computer games can speed up and improve a patient's recovery from paralysis after a stroke. ... > full story

'Computer synapse' analyzed at the nanoscale (May 16, 2011) -- Researchers have analyzed in unprecedented detail the physical and chemical properties of an electronic device that computer engineers hope will transform computing. ... > full story

The atom and its quantum mirror image: Physicists experimentally produces quantum-superpositions, simply using a mirror (May 16, 2011) -- A team of physicists experimentally produces quantum-superpositions, simply using a mirror. ... > full story

Scientists looking to burst the superconductivity bubble (May 16, 2011) -- Bubbles are blocking the current path of one of the most promising high-temperature superconducting materials, new research suggests. ... > full story

New properties of supercooled confined water discovered (May 16, 2011) -- A new study suggests that hydrophobic nanoconfinement can alter the thermodynamics of water at supercool temperatures. These findings may have important applications in fields related to conservation at cryogenic temperatures (around minus 100 degrees Celsius) -- for example, in the preservation of stem cells, blood and food products. ... > full story

Evolutionary adaptations can be reversed, but rarely (May 16, 2011) -- Physicists' study of evolution in bacteria shows that adaptations can be undone, but rarely. Ever since Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution in 1859, scientists have wondered whether evolutionary adaptations can be reversed. Answering that question has proved difficult, partly due to conflicting evidence. In 2003, scientists showed that some species of insects have gained, lost and regained wings over millions of years. But a few years later, a different team found that a protein that helps control cells' stress responses could not evolve back to its original form. ... > full story

Lasers take the lead in auto manufacturing (May 16, 2011) -- Conserving energy is a top priority for auto manufacturers today. Laser technology can help. Lasers can be used to process thin light-weight components made of fiber-composite materials, as well as to manufacture more efficient engines and more powerful batteries. Scientists have now developed new production technologies. ... > full story

Computer program aids patients in end-of-life planning (May 16, 2011) -- A new program developed by researchers may make it easier for patients with moderate/severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to make critical decisions regarding their care as their disease worsens. The computer-based decision aid (CDA) is designed to educate patients about planning for end-of-life decisions without diminishing hope, according to the researchers. ... > full story

Telemonitoring may not offer improved outcomes for critically ill patients (May 16, 2011) -- Telemonitoring may offer promise for patients in remote locations without access to specially trained intensive care physicians. However, a recent study indicates telemonitoring does not offer improved clinical outcomes compared to patients who receive standard care. ... > full story

Toward faster transistors: Physicists discover physical phenomenon that could boost computers' clock speed (May 15, 2011) -- Researchers have discovered a new physical phenomenon that could yield transistors with greatly enhanced capacitance -- a measure of the voltage required to move a charge. And that, in turn, could lead to the revival of clock speed as the measure of a computer's power. ... > full story

Sound safety: Novel device with rock 'n' roll roots may protect listeners from potential dangers of personal listening devices and hearing aids (May 15, 2011) -- Engineers investigating "listener fatigue"-- the discomfort and pain some people experience while using in-ear headphones, hearing aids, and other devices that seal the ear canal from external sound -- have found not only what they believe is the cause, but also a potential solution. ... > full story

Controling robotic arms is child's play (May 15, 2011) -- Move your arm and the robot imitates your movement. This type of intuitive handling is now possible thanks to a new input device that will simplify the control of industrial robots in the future. But that is not all: The sensor system can also help regulate the movements of active prostheses. ... > full story

Moon's rough 'wrinkles' reveal clues to its past (May 15, 2011) -- Researchers have put together the first comprehensive set of maps revealing the slopes and roughness of the moon's surface. These maps are based on detailed data collected by the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. ... > full story

Crowdsourcing science: Researcher uses Facebook to identify thousands of fish (May 15, 2011) -- During a survey on Guyana's Cuyuni River, researcher Devin Bloom utilized Facebook to help identify thousands of fish specimens in less than 24 hours. ... > full story

Electronic cigarettes hold promise as aid to quitting, study finds (May 15, 2011) -- Researchers report that electronic cigarettes are a promising tool to help smokers quit, producing six-month abstinence rates nearly double those for traditional nicotine replacement products. ... > full story

Dusting for fingerprints -- It ain't CSI (May 15, 2011) -- Fingerprints: dozens of crime dramas revolve around them. The investigators find the victim, dust for fingerprints, run them through a computer program and voilá -- the guilty party is quickly identified and sent to prison. If only it were that easy. The reality is that this common but crucial part of an investigation is done by humans, not by computers. ... > full story

New algorithm offers ability to influence systems such as living cells or social networks (May 14, 2011) -- A new computational model can analyze any type of complex network -- biological, social or electronic -- and reveal the critical points that can be used to control the entire system. Potential applications of this work include reprogramming adult cells and identifying new drug targets. ... > full story

New calculations on blackbody energy set the stage for clocks with unprecedented accuracy (May 14, 2011) -- A team of physicists from the United States and Russia has developed a means for computing, with unprecedented accuracy, a tiny, temperature-dependent source of error in atomic clocks. Although small, the correction could represent a big step towards atomic timekeepers' longstanding goal of a clock with a precision equivalent to one second of error every 32 billion years, longer than the age of the universe. ... > full story

Scientists design new anti-flu virus proteins using computational methods (May 14, 2011) -- Scientists have demonstrated the use of computational methods to design new antiviral proteins not found in nature, but capable of targeting specific surfaces of flu virus molecules. Such designer proteins may have diagnostic and therapeutic potential in identifying and fighting viral infections. The researchers created a protein that disabled the part of the 1918 pandemic flu virus involved in invading respiratory tract cells. It did so by preventing segment from reconfiguring. This same protein also disabled a similar section of an avian flu virus. ... > full story

Increase in Internet access parallels growth in prescription drug abuse (May 14, 2011) -- Increasing access to rogue online pharmacies that dispense medications without a doctor's prescription may be an important factor behind the rapid increase in the abuse of prescription drugs. U.S. states with the greatest expansion in high-speed Internet access from 2000 to 2007 also had the largest increase in admissions for treatment of prescription drug abuse. ... > full story

Assessing the risks of wireless and mobile phone radiation more accurately (May 13, 2011) -- Electromagnetic fields and radiation produced by radio antennae or mobile phones can influence biological processes -- for instance, electrical brain activity during sleep, as researchers in Switzerland have shown. However, they have not been able to establish any links between everyday exposure to radiation and health problems. ... > full story

Nuclear desalination: Fresh water from waste heat of power plants (May 13, 2011) -- Nuclear desalination uses the excess heat from a nuclear power plant to evaporate sea water and to condense the pure water. A research team from India and Italy argues that despite public concerns, the low energy costs and convenience of this latter process make it the preferred option. ... > full story

Sensors that can stretch (May 13, 2011) -- Is someone sitting in the passenger seat of the car? Did someone enter the safety zone in front of an industrial machine? Stretch and pressure sensors have a wide range of applications. Researchers have now developed sensors capable of expanding, in extreme cases, to twice their original length and so supple as to go virtually unnoticed when sewn into clothing. ... > full story

Strong, tough and now cheap: New way to process metallic glass developed (May 13, 2011) -- Stronger than steel or titanium -- and just as tough -- metallic glass is an ideal material for everything from cell-phone cases to aircraft parts. Now, researchers have developed a new technique that allows them to make metallic-glass parts utilizing the same inexpensive processes used to produce plastic parts. ... > full story

Dwarf planet Haumea shines with crystalline ice (May 13, 2011) -- The fifth dwarf planet of the solar system, Haumea, and at least one of its two satellites, are covered in crystalline water-ice due to the tidal forces between them and the heat of radiogenic elements, according to an international research study using observations from the VLT telescope at the European Southern Observatory in Chile. ... > full story

Exposing ZnO nanorods to visible light removes microbes, researchers in Thailand show (May 13, 2011) -- The practical use of visible light and zinc oxide nanorods for destroying bacterial water contamination has been successfully demonstrated by researchers in Thailand. ZnO has now been tested under solar light, instead of the traditionally used UV light, suggesting a huge potential for commercial applications. ... > full story

Mixing fluids efficiently in confined spaces: Let the fingers do the working (May 13, 2011) -- Researchers have shown that the injection of a thin or low-viscosity fluid into a much more viscous fluid (think of water spurting into molasses) will cause the two fluids to mix very quickly via a physical process known as viscous fingering. For maximum mixing to occur quickly, the ideal ratio of the viscosity of two fluids depends on the speed of injection. This work could have implications for the petroleum industry and microfluidics technology. ... > full story

Diagnosing 'seizures' in the US economy (May 13, 2011) -- Researchers have examined the dynamics of the S&P 500 over the last decade, employing methods originally developed to analyze the brain activity of epilepsy patients. He found surprising results. ... > full story

Super energy storage: Activated graphene makes superior supercapacitors for energy storage (May 13, 2011) -- Scientists have uncovered the nanoscale structure of a novel form of carbon, contributing to an explanation of why this new material acts like a super-absorbent sponge when it comes to soaking up electric charge. The material can be incorporated into "supercapacitor" energy-storage devices with remarkably high storage capacity, superfast energy release, quick recharge time, and a lifetime of at least 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. ... > full story

Galaxy NGC 4214: A star formation laboratory (May 13, 2011) -- Hubble's newest camera has taken an image of galaxy NGC 4214. This galaxy glows brightly with young stars and gas clouds, and is an ideal laboratory to research star formation and evolution. ... > full story