ScienceDaily Top Science Headlines
for Thursday, July 14, 2011
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Why men are at higher risk for stomach cancer (July 14, 2011) -- Researchers have shown how estrogen protects women from the gastric inflammation that can lead to cancer. Several types of cancer, including stomach, liver and colon, are far more common in men than in women. Some scientists have theorized that differences in lifestyle, such as diet and smoking, may account for the discrepancy, but growing evidence suggests that the differences are rooted in basic biological differences between men and women. ... > full story
Pivotal study in Africa finds that HIV medications prevent HIV infection (July 14, 2011) -- An international study has demonstrated that individuals at high risk for HIV infection who took a daily tablet containing an HIV medication -- either the antiretroviral medication tenofovir or tenofovir in combination with emtricitabine -- experienced significantly fewer HIV infections than those who received a placebo pill. These findings are clear evidence that this new HIV prevention strategy, called pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP), substantially reduces HIV infection risk. ... > full story
Faster 3-D nanoimaging a possibility with full color synchrotron light (July 14, 2011) -- Researchers can now see objects more precisely and faster at the nanoscale due to utilizing the full color spectrum of synchrotron light, opening the way for faster 3-D nanoimaging. ... > full story
Goalies tend to dive right in World Cup penalty shoot-outs when their team is behind ... why? (July 14, 2011) -- In the quarterfinal of the 2006 Soccer World Cup, England and Portugal played for 90 tense minutes and 30 minutes extra time without a single goal being scored. This led them to a penalty shoot-out; as one by one, players went against the opposing team's goalie. After four shots by each team, Portugal was ahead 2-1. Portugal's star Cristiano Ronaldo shot to English goalkeeper Paul Robinson's left, but Robinson dove right. Portugal scored, won the game, and went on to the semifinal. When Robinson dove to his right, he was making a common choice for our right-oriented brains, according to a new study. ... > full story
Modulation of inhibitory output is key function of antiobesity hormone (July 14, 2011) -- Scientists have known for some time that the hormone leptin acts in the brain to prevent obesity, but the specific underlying neurocircuitry has remained a mystery. Now, new research reveals neurobiological mechanisms that may underlie the antiobesity effects of leptin. ... > full story
Health-care model improves diabetes outcomes and health, study finds (July 14, 2011) -- A health-care delivery model called patient-centered medical home increased the percentage of diabetes patients who achieved goals that reduced their sickness and death rates, according to health researchers. ... > full story
Positive reframing, acceptance and humor are the most effective coping strategies (July 14, 2011) -- New research has revealed that positive reframing, acceptance and humor are the most effective coping strategies for people dealing with failures. ... > full story
Insight into new drug resistance in hospital microbes (July 13, 2011) -- Hospitals struggle to prevent the infections that complicate treatment for cancer, joint replacement, heart surgery and other conditions. Hospital-acquired infections are often resistant to multiple antibiotics, leading to approximately 100,000 deaths and more than billion in additional health care costs yearly. New drugs are being developed to combat these infections, but resistance invariably emerges to these last-line drugs. Daptomycin, a new antibiotic approved by the FDA in 2003, is used to treat infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria, including staph and microbes known as enterococci. ... > full story
Short-term hormone therapy plus radiation therapy increases survival for men with early-stage prostate cancer, study finds (July 13, 2011) -- Short-term hormone therapy (androgen deprivation therapy: ADT) given in combination with radiation therapy for men with early-stage prostate cancer increases their chance of living longer and not dying from the disease, compared with that of those who receive the same radiation therapy alone, according to new research. ... > full story
Atomic structure discovered for a sodium channel that generates electrical signals in living cells (July 13, 2011) -- Scientists have determined the atomic structure of a sodium channel, a pore in membranes of excitable cells, such as brain or heart cells, that emit electrical signals. They gate charged particles crossing the cell membrane to generate electrical currents. These encode information in the brain and make heart muscle contract. Many medications and neurotoxins act on sodium channels. Never before have researchers obtained a high resolution crystal structure of all atoms of this complex protein molecule and their three dimensional relationships. ... > full story
Talking about faith increases hospital patients' overall satisfaction, study finds (July 13, 2011) -- Hospitalized patients who had conversations about religion and spirituality with the health-care team were the most satisfied with their overall care. However, 20 percent of patients who would have valued these discussions say their desires went unmet, according to a new study. ... > full story
Researchers demystify a fountain of youth in the adult brain (July 13, 2011) -- Researchers have found that a "fountain of youth" that sustains the production of new neurons in the brains of rodents is also believed to be present in the human brain. The existence of a vital support system of cells around stem cells in the brain explains why stem cells by themselves can't generate neurons in a lab dish, a major roadblock in using these stem cells for injury repair. ... > full story
Molasses extract decreases obesity caused by a high-fat diet, research suggests (July 13, 2011) -- Experimental results suggests that dietary supplementation with molasses extract may provide a novel approach for weight management in humans. ... > full story
Computerized system to prevent SIDS: 'BabyBeat' also has applications in telemedicine and remote monitoring (July 13, 2011) -- A new system using video and computer software to monitor a baby that could be used to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), as well as for telemedicine applications, has been developed by two engineering students in Israel. Called "BabyBeat," the system uses computer algorithms to convert video footage to pulses that represent a baby's heartbeat and skin tone. In the event that the system detects an abnormal heartbeat, an alarm sounds to awaken the baby, change its breathing pattern and alert the parents. After further testing, if BabyBeat continues to perform as expected, the students will seek to commercially produce and market the innovation. ... > full story
A closer look at the placebo effect (July 13, 2011) -- A study provides new insights into the placebo effect and suggests that in addition to active therapies, the idea of being cared for is important to patients' health. ... > full story
Immune system suppression linked to blood vessel formation in tumors (July 13, 2011) -- Targeted therapies that are designed to suppress the formation of new blood vessels in tumors, such as Avastin, have slowed cancer growth in some patients. However, they have not produced the dramatic responses researchers initially thought they might. Now, new research might help to explain the modest responses. The discovery suggests novel treatment combinations that could boost the power of therapies based on slowing blood vessel growth. ... > full story
Progesterone inhibits growth of neuroblastoma cancer cells (July 13, 2011) -- High doses of the hormone progesterone can kill neuroblastoma cells while leaving healthy cells unscathed, scientists have found in laboratory research. The results suggest that progesterone could be used to fight neuroblastoma, the most common form of cancer affecting small children. ... > full story
Stereotypes about leadership still pose barriers to women's advancement (July 13, 2011) -- A new meta-analysis shows that even today leadership continues to be viewed as culturally masculine. Thus, women suffer from two primary forms of prejudice. Women are viewed as less qualified or natural in most leadership roles, the research shows, and secondly, when women adopt culturally masculine behaviors often required by these roles, they may be viewed as inappropriate or presumptuous. ... > full story
Contact allergies may trigger immune system defences to ward off cancer (July 13, 2011) -- Contact allergies (reactions caused by direct contact with substances like common metals and chemicals) may help prime the immune system to ward off certain types of cancer, suggests new research. ... > full story
The metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs (July 13, 2011) -- New research may explain why some antipsychotic drugs can promote overeating, weight gain, and insulin resistance. ... > full story
Respiratory disorders prevalent in the Middle East: Desert climate, chemical warfare, water-pipe smoking contribute to lung diseases (July 13, 2011) -- Lung diseases in the Middle East range from the centuries-old pulmonary tuberculosis to modern manifestations caused by chemical warfare. A new article provides pulmonologists and patients with the first comprehensive review of respiratory illnesses specific to the Persian Gulf region, and the challenges in treating them. This unique review is the first of its kind in this topic and will serve as an important landmark reference article. ... > full story
Cancer mortality rates are higher in men than women in U.S., study finds (July 13, 2011) -- Overall cancer mortality rates are higher for men than women in the United States, according to a new study. ... > full story
Your mother was right: Good posture makes you tougher (July 13, 2011) -- Mothers have been telling their children to stop slouching for ages. It turns out that mom was onto something and that poor posture not only makes a bad impression, but can actually make you physically weaker. According to a new study, adopting dominant versus submissive postures actually decreases your sensitivity to pain. ... > full story
Newly discovered molecule essential to resetting 'body clocks' (July 13, 2011) -- A new study exploring the mechanism behind resetting the internal "body clocks" of insects has found a new molecule essential to the resynchronization process. ... > full story
Multiple 'siblings' from every gene: Alternate gene reading leads to alternate gene products (July 13, 2011) -- A genome-wide survey shows how our cells create alternate versions of mRNA transcripts -- and therefore alternate proteins -- by slightly altering how they "read" DNA. Researchers found that, in one type of brain cancer, tumors created differing amounts of these protein alternates than did normal cells. Reading our genetic instructions is less a matter of War and Peace for our cells and more like Choose Your Own Adventure. ... > full story
Accentuating the positive may eliminate the negative in teenagers with anxiety (July 13, 2011) -- Researchers say intervening early during teen years may help to prevent adult problems later ... > full story
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